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Introduction

Human organ trafficking, which involves the exploitation, coercion, illegal purchasing, and selling
of organs, has become a primary international concern. Exclusively donated organs have not been
ample enough for the demand; as a result, the shortage of human organs has produced a market for
human organ trafficking (Bruckert & Parent, 2002; Gracia et al., 2020). According to Kyle and
Koslowski (2011), globalization, the increase of trade, and investment resulting from a lack of
barriers and interdependence of countries have increased human organ trafficking. Thus,
globalization contributes to a more efficient human trade industry since patients travel to other
countries for a transplant, or harvested organs can be transported immediately by air to their
recipients. Harrison (1999) points out that the human organ trafficking market has significantly
grown from the reformation of the world economy, especially from individual entrepreneurs to
extensive international cooperation (p. 22). As a result, a desperate underclass either sells their
organs or steals them from others. At the same time, the concepts of property rights that have
maintained economic compulsion as authentic have also been tainted by the unfavorable impression
associated with the organ trade. So, the wealthy do not need to steal body parts of the poor; instead,
they can purchase them under contract law. The human organ trade is illegal in nearly all countries.
Due to the lack of efficient regulations, the prohibition of organ purchases has not inhibited the
human organ market. Questionable approaches for trading may stem from people’s wanting to live a
longer life or from a great pool of supply-and-demand organs. As a result, the inevitable outcome
has been an expansion in human organ trafficking, with organs transported among all arrays of
classes, ethnicities, and developed and underdeveloped regions of the world (Cho et al., 2009; De
La Casas, 2008; Harrison, 1999; Scheper-Hughes, 2000).